A sudden and catastrophic failureThe inability of a pipeline system to fulfill its intended function or meet the required performance criteria. Pipeline failures can have significant consequenc… of a pipeline due to the propagation of a brittle crackA fracture or discontinuity in the wall of a pipeline, where the material is separated or broken, potentially compromising the integrity and safety of the pipel…. It occurs when the pipeline material experiences low-temperature conditions, high-stressThe internal forces and pressures experienced by a pipeline as a result of various factors, including internal and external loads, operating conditions, and env… levels, and is susceptible to brittle behavior.