The process of high-strength or hardened metal penetrating pipes under tensile stressStress that occurs when a material is subjected to pulling or stretching forces that elongates material. It is a normal stress component that acts perpendicular… and leading to cracking. This occurs when a susceptible material is exposed to hydrogenA natural gas element used in non-destructive testing, hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol "H" and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abun…, a tensile stressThe internal forces and pressures experienced by a pipeline as a result of various factors, including internal and external loads, operating conditions, and env…, and a corrosive environmentSurroundings or conditions (physical, chemical, mechanical) in which a material exists. The environment plays a significant role in pipeline design, constructio… simultaneously.