The progressive extension or advancement of a buckleA deformation of the pipe wall caused by lateral instability under longitudinal compressive stresses imposed by axial or bending loading acting on the pipe cros… or wrinkleA localized deformation or buckling of a pipeline that results in a wrinkled or wavy appearance on the pipe's surface. It occurs when the pipe experiences compr… in a pipeline or structure. It occurs when a localized deformationRefers to any change in the shape, configuration, or geometry of a pipeline from its original or intended form. It results from various factors, including exter… or buckle in the pipe propagates or spreads along the length of the pipe under external forces or internal pressures. A propagating buckleThe progressive extension or advancement of a buckle or wrinkle in a pipeline or structure. It occurs when a localized deformation or buckle in the pipe propaga… cannot initiate unless a local buckleA localized deformation or bulge in the pipe wall, usually occurring over a short section of the pipeline. It is characterized by a localized inward or outward … has occurred.